Key-duplicating machine.



1,165,099. Patented Dec. 21,1915.

E1 HOERNEL.

KEY DUPLICATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION HLED'SEPLS, 1913.

7 SHEETSSHEET 1- ELHOERNEL.

KEY DliPLlCATING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 6, 191,3.

Patented Dec. 21, 1915.

7SHEETS-SHEET 2.

E. HOERNEL.

KEY DUPLICATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 6 1913.

Patented ec. 21, 1915.

7 SHEETSSHEET 31 E.-HOERNEL.

KEY DUPLICATING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. a, 19:3.

1,165,099. Patented De0.21,1915.

7 SHEETSSHEET 4.

E. HOERNEL.

KEY DUPLlCATlNG MACHINE.

APPLKCATION HLED SEPT-6.1913.

1,165,099. Patentd Dec.21,1915.

7SHEETS-SHEET 5.

E. HOERNEL.

KEY DUPLICATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT e, 1913.

1,165,099, Patented Dec. 21, 1915.

YSHEETS-SHEET 6- 4 E. HOERNEL. KEY DUPLICATING MACHINE. APPLICATIONFILED SEPT-6,1913.

Patented Dec. 21, 1915.

.7 SHE 'SSHEET 7- cine, in the county of Racine and EDWARD HOERNEL; 0FRAGINE,

T ltd-id.

"WISCDNSIN, .ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALFTO HUBERT PEEK, OF liVASI-IENGTON,DISTRECT OF COLUMBIA.

KEY-DUPLICATING MACHINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD Honunnn, a citizen oi the United States,residing at Ra State of Wisconsin, have invented. certain new and usefulImprovements in and Relating to Key'Duplicating Machines, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to certain improvements in and relating to keyduplicating machines and the like; and the objects and. na ture of theinvention will be readily under stood by those skilled in the art in thelight of the following explanation of the accompanying drawingsillustrating whati now believe to be the preferred embodiments andmechanical expressions from among other formations, arrangements andconstructions vwithin the spirit and scope of the invention.

An object of the invention is to provide what might be termed anautomatic machine for cutting key blanks to form keys for pin tublerlocks, and foi other purposes,

' wherein various improved adjustments and proved machinewil].

features are embodied with the ends in view of attaining accuracy, speedand durability. A further object oi the invention is to provide certain.improvements in the construction, arrangement and combinations of partswhereby a highly efficient and imbe produced for duplicating keys andother articles.

' A further object of the invention is to provide a machine for cuttingkey blanks to duplicate pattern keys, or the like, and wherein a feedcarriage is automatically driven from and parallel with the axis ofrotation of the cutting tool and carries a pattern and blank carriageautomatically movable toward and from said tool or radially with respectthereto.

The invention consists in certain novel features in construction and incombinations and arrangements as more fully and particularly set forthand specified hereinafter.

Referring to the accompanying drawings:Figure l, is 'a perspective ofthe machine, in operation duplicating a key.

Fig. '2, is a top plan of the machine as it ap-,

pears in Fig. 1. Fig. 3, is a bottom plan of the machine. Fi l, is a.side elevation. Fig. 2. Fig. 6, is a cross section on the line 6 6, Fig.2. Fig. 7, is a longitudinal section on the line 7-4, Fig. 2. Fig. 8, isa detail per- S'pecification of Letters Patent.

5, is a cross section on\ the line 55', Fig.

Patented Dec. 21, 1915.

Application filed September 6, 1913. Serial No. 788,460.

spective of certain parts showing the same separated. Fig. 9, is adetail elevation of a portion of the machine showing a modifiedconstruction. Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13 and ll, are detail views of variousparts of the machine.

In the specific example illustrated in the accompanying drawings, theoperating parts carried by a hollow base 1, on-one end of which thehollow head stock 2, is rigidly scoured. The arbor 3, carrying therotary milling or other suitable cutting tool 4-, is carried by andmounted in said head stock, and is provided with any suitable drivingmeans for driving the arbor by hand or by power asmay be desired. Forinstance, I show the arbor provided with driving pulley 5, which if sodesired can be provided with handle I show the arbor provided with apair of opposed or oppositely tapered bearing cones-7, 8, engagingcorrespondingly tapered bearing surfaces of the head stock. The cone 7,is adjustable longitudinally of the arbor to take up wear, and. thearbor is provided with locking or jam nut 9, for locking said cone 7, inthe desired adjustment. The cones are arranged at opposite stock isthreaded to form a'screw or worm 10, for driving the feed carriage ashereinafter more fully described; The adjustable cone and its lockingnut are accessible in the space between the driving wheel or pulley andthe adjacent edge ofthe head stock. An exceedi ngly accurate and durablemounting for the arbor is thus provided, but I do not wish to limit myinvention thereto, although I consider it one of the specificallydesirable features thereof.

The top of the base is formed with a suitable guide or slideway 11,elevated above the general horizontal plane of the base top and arrangedtransversely across the same. This slideway is parallel with thelongitudinal axis of the cutting tool arbor, and is located a suitabledistance in advance of the head stock carrying said arbor.

A suitable feed carriage 12,. is arranged on and confined to theslideWa-y to reciprocate transversely of the base andlongitudinally ofthe slideway, and consequently the j pathjof movement of the feedcarriage is 'p'aralleltwith the. longitudinal axis of the cutting' toolarbor. The slideway holds the feed carriage against lateral movement to-:ward and fromthe cutting tool and its arbor', as well as againstvertical movement.

- head 14, that is, at the end thereof adjacent: to the cutting tool, Iprovide a clamp or The feed carriage is provided at its top or upperside with a guide or slideway 13,

extend ng completely across the carriage 10" from front to rear andhence arranged at right a igles or transversely with respect tothe'sllde way to which the carriage 1s confined. Awork-and-pattern-carrying head or carriage 14, is carried by and mountedon the feed carriage and is movable thereon toward and from the cuttingtool. The head 14, is longitudinally elongated and in this instance 1show the same comprising a flat horizontal elongated body or main plateconfined in and at its ends projecting beyond the ends of the slideway.The longitudinal edge portions of said body of the head 14, are'beveledto fit under the overhanging edge'walls of the slideway 13 of the feedcarriage, whereby the head is held against vertical and lateralmovements with respect to the feed carriage and is confined tolongitudinal sliding movement toward and frorn the cutting tool. I I

At the upper side of the rear end of the holderfor the key blank oiother article to he cut, while at the uppe side'of thefront end portionof the head, provide a clamp or holder for the pattern key or otherarticle to be duplicated by the action ofthe cutting tool on the blank.These two holders are arranged in tandemlongitudinally of the head andare spaced a distance apart to receive a gage or stop fixed to the baseand projecting laterally into the space between said'hol ders to engagethe notched edge of the pattern key clamped by the front holder I andprojecting rearwardly therefrom, and to thereby control the movementofthe head toward the cuttin tool.

Suitable mec anism is provided constantly acting on the head toyieldingly hold the same toward the cutting tool and the pattern keyedge against said stop or gage.

In the particular instance illustrated, this mechanism consists of ahorizontal rock shaft 15, arranged transversely of the base and withrespect tov the head and mounted in journal boxes 16, fixed to andrising from the front end of the base in advance of the front end ofthehead. This rock shaft is provided with a radial arm or toe 17, rigidtherewith and rising therefrom and con .stantlypressed forward intoengagement with the straight front edge of a horizontal flange 18, fixedto the front end of the head and arranged transversely thereof andprojecting forwardly therefrom. The length of this flange is at leastequal to the length of the feeding stroke of the feed carriage.

The rock shaft is provided with means constantly tending to rock thesame in a direc-.

extending portion which can be provided with a weight 20, if sodesired.'-

The feed carriage, carrying the head, s actuated on its feed stroketransversely of the base and from left to right (in the par ticulararrangement of Fig. 1) by the rotation of the cutting tool arbor throughthe medium of a rack and pinion and suitable I gearing operativelyconnecting the same to the worm 10, of the arbor. In the particularexample illustrated, the head stock is fixed on and rises from the rearend. of the top of the base and is formed hollow and the "base top isformed with an opening registering with the cavity within the headstock. Within the head stock, I provide a vertically rotating worm gear21, meshing with and rotated by the worm 10, of. the arbor, and thisworm gear is provided with a pinion 22, fixed thereto and driventhereby. .The

worm gear and its pinion are carried'by and rotate on a horizontal stud23, arranged longitudinally with respect to the base. This stud isadjustably secured at its front end to the front wall of the head stockby a nut 24, on the projecting threaded front end of the stud.- Thefront wall of the'head stock is formedwith a slot through which the studend projects, and whereby the stud can be adjusted vertically'tomaintain the desired operative'relation between the-worm gear and theWorm of the arbor.

- The worm gear pinion 22;is in constant mesh with a gear 25, looselymounted 'on a horizontal feed shaft 26, arranged l0ngitudinally of andwithin the base and at its front endprovided with a pinion 27, rigidtherewith. This pinion 27, is in constant mesh with a rack 28, fixed tothe feed carriage and transversely arranged with respectto the bg se butlongitudinally arranged with respect to said carriage. The rack bar issecured to the feed carriage through the medium of an angle plate orbracket29, ar-

ranged centrally of the carriage and bolted to the under side thereofand depending therefrom through a slot in the base top arrangedlongitudinally and centrally of'the slideway 11. The'rackbar 28, isarranged W1 the base and normally fixed to a dependmgwall of the base bybolts This -lo'bracketjis vertically and laterally adjustilable'tomaintain thev desired operative position ofits gear and pinion withrespect to qtpemin parts, .by' providing enlarged holes in-the bracketfor thereception of the lsltransverse clamping bolts 32, that extend"through the bracket and screw into the base ..wall andclamp the bracketrigidly thereagainst. By loosening these .bolts the bra'cketca'n beshifted to a slight extent ver- ZQ' tic ally or longitudinally of thebase to atrain the desired adjustment of the shaft 26. The gear 25, isloosely mounted on the longitudinal shaft QB, so that said shaft canrotate ,-Tl:'reely therein and independe tly thereoffand a suitableclutch device is pro- 'ided for locking said gear to said shaft'fordriving the feed carriage on itsfeed stroke. For-instance, I show thegear 25, located between a collar 34, fixed on the shaft and arrangedbetween the front side of the gear and the shaft carrying bracket,and a nut 35,""longitudinally adjustable on the screw threaded'rear endof the shaft and'pr'ojecting rearwardly through an openingi'n thedepending rear wall of the base and proa ided-with a milled head 36,,exposed and accessible at the-exterior of the rear end'of the base?" Byrotating this nut inone directlo'n, thev gear 25, will be clampedbetween 40 the-front end of the nut and said collar 34,

v ia'nd Will be-thereby locked .to the shaft and s will drive the shaft.By rotating the nut in the 'opposite' direction, the gear 'will bereleased from the shaft so that the feed carriage can be moved by handon its return fstroke and toward the left (arrangement of Fig. 1)' tothepointor limit from which the carriage starts on its feed stroke;lVhen the carriage has completed a feed stroke, the nut 35, is loosenedand the carriage. is moved aback by hand on its return'stroke, and theshaft 26, freely spins infthe gear 25. vVhen the carriage has thus beenreturned to. the starting pointythe nut is tightened to lock thegeartothe shaft to drive the carriage won its food stroke when the cuttingtool arbor is actuated.

Thexwork or blank holder A and the key or pattern holder-B, are similarin constructiongand adjustment and in fact are inter- R changeable,although separately inanipulated in opening, closing and adjustment. IThese holders are arranged to hold the key a, and blank' thin horizontalpositions and 6 in-parallelism and arranged transversely of threadedsocket oi the seat.

the head and longitudinally with respect to the direction of movement ofthe feed carriage and parallel with the axis of rotation of the cuttingtool. The blank holder maintains the blank projecting rearwardlytherefrom with its longitudinal edge against thecutting edge of thecutting tool, while the key holder maintains the key with its notchededge exposed rearwardly beyond said key holder and in engagement withthe edge of the gage or stop, and as s'aid two holders are arranged intandem, the key and blank are alined and held in a common horizontalplane, although I do not so Wish to limit all features of my invention.i

The body plate of the head carrying the holders A, B, is formed rigidwith elevated seats or bases 37, for said holders, respectively. Theseseats are similar, and each is formed with a central vertical screwthread- 5 ed socket, a flat horizontal topface, and a surroundingdepressed shoulder 38. The clamp of each holder consists of a lowerrectangular plate or jaw 39, having acentral vertical bolt hole, anupper rectangular 99 plate or jaw 40, having a central vertical olthole, and a clamping bolt or screw ll, passing down through said holesand into said socket and at its upper end having a suitable head wherebythe screw can be rota-ted to tighten or loosen the clamp or to removethescrew therefrom if need be.

The lower jaw or plate 39, removably rests horizontally on its seat 37,and at its under side is formed with depending edges 100 l2, to engagethe depressed shoulders 38, and thereby center the'jaw on the seat withthe bolt hole of the jaw alined with the The shoulders 38, and edges l2,are so arranged that byslightly lifting the jaw (when the clampingscrewis unscrewed to the necessary extent) to carry the edges above theseat; the jawcan be turned horizontally about the screw to presenteither end thereof at the clampedge of the jaw, while the opposite endof the jaw is formed with a rib 46, parallel "with the grooves l i,and'rouiuled or semi-cyliir drical "-in cross section and separated fromthe adjacent groove ell, by an intervening depression.

The upper jaw l0, at its under side has a" pair of V-grooves ll,corresponding tothe grooves al, of the lower awand adapted to 1.3

co-incide therewith. At one end, the under side of the upper jaw is"formed with a rounded rib 46, similar to the rib 46, and

at its opposite end, the under side of the .upper jaw is formed with aflat surface 45,

adapted to co-incide with the depressed seat rocks on an axis or fulcruminclampmg the key or blank. To accomplish this result and yet permitreversal of either of the jaws of a clamp, I provide each clamp with 'aremovable cylindrical fulcrum pin49,

provided with end heads 50. This fulcrum pin rests in the V-groove atthe front end of the lower jaw, while the corresponding V- groove at thefront end of the upper jaw receives said pin and the upper jaw isrockable thereon to bring its rear end into and from clamping relationwith respect to the rear end of the lower jaw. The end heads 50, engagethe vertical side edge'sof. both jaws and maintain said"jaws accuratelyin alinement, Each jau is provided ,with \lgrooves at its opposite endsso that either or both jaws can be reversed to present either end at therear or clamping position.

Therounded ribs 46, 46", of the jaws are provided to enter the groovescut longitudinally of and in thesides of mostkeys for pin tumbler locks.Keysfor some pin tumbler locks have these grooves on one side, whilekeys for other pin tumbler locks have said grooves on the other side,and the grooves .in-. keys for diflerent locks vary in 1 width, depthand cross sectionalformation,

while keys for some .pintumbler locks are not provided with sidegrooves, and some I keys have longitudinal grooveson both sides butlocated at'difi'erent distances from the rear edges of the keys.

When a key without side grooves is to be duplicated, the jaws of the twoholders.

A,-'B, are arranged so that the ends of the two lower jaws having thedepressed seats 1 and shoulders 45, are at the rear clampingv positions,and the ends-of the upper jaws having the flat'fac'es 4 5",are at therear vfj l..c,-la mping positions see Fig. 12. "The key "an-dthe blankare then placed on the seats of the lower. jaws of their respectiveholders wi a; eir rear edges against the shoulders an the screws of theholders are then d'fo rock the upper jaws and bring re r ends tightlydown on the upper es tf'the key and lank with" their flat 1 lii engagingy 'e same, whereby the screws are tightened to lock the key the edge ofthe which said edge sh 'verselwith key and blank will be both rigidlyheld and the rear projection of the edge of the blank 4 will be the sameas that of the key by reason of the shoulders -15, against which theblank and key are set. 1

When a key having a longitudinalgroove .in its upper side adjacent toits rear edge is to be duplicated, the jaws of the holdersbeing in thepositions above mentioned, to receive a grooveless key and blank, theupper jaws of the holders are reversed,

turned end for end, to present their rounded- -ribs 46', at the rear andabove the flat seats of the lower jaws see Fig. 13. -Thekey and blankare then placed on the flat seats of the lower. jaws and the upper jawsare rocked so that their rounded ribs will enter said longitudinalgrooves near the rear edges of the key and blank and the clamping andblank in the desired positions.

-'When the key to be duplicated'hasthe longitudinal groove near its rearedge at the under side of the key when the keyis in I.

position in the clamp, both jaws 0 eachholder are reversed to bring thefront ends to the rear, the fulcrum pins being 'first removed and then're-inserted, theflat faces of the upper jaws will then beabove therounded ribs of the lower jaws at the rear ends of the holders, seeFig-14:, and the key and blank can be inserted and clamped.

l f In order to produce an accurate'duplication of a pin tumbler lockkey, itis necessary to gage from-the centers of the longitudinal groovesin the sides of the keys so that the tea bottoms of the notches out inthe blank will measure the same distances from the centers of'thelongitudinal grooves as in the pattern a Q key. For this reason, amongothers, I provide the JELWS. of the holders withthe ribs to enter saidside grooves and thereby clamp the key and blank against the opposingjaws,

and I form said ribs rounded so'that they Will automatically find thecenters of said longitudinal grooves whatever the formation ordimensions of'said limits.

readily removed from the machine and other jaws substituted to receiveand-properly holdeother patterns and blanks for, wllf'ic the presentjaws may. not be adapted;

The controller, gage or stop against which.- patternkey is held andalong"d which thereby.

radial posit-hm" controls and determgnesffli of 'thehead with respectto'the eutt consists of a horizonta disposed or block am s-age e ahe-ass;--

of rotatio the; e

grooves, within certain The jaws of the holders can beadjustedtoproperly fit and clamp pintumbler -.*l0ck keys and blanks ofvarious types and forma t1ons, and furthermore said jaws can; be;

end this gage is clamped or otherwise fixed to a rigid post 53, risingfrom the left hand side of the base beyond the end of the slideway 11,and said gage extends laterally, toward the right, from said post adistance above the head. and between the holders thereof. At its freeend or extremity, this gage is formed with a forwardly projectingbeveled blade, tooth or edge 54, to engage the edge of the key andacross which said edge of the key slides or travels. The right hand sideof this tooth 5i, is preferably flat, while the opposite side thereof ispreferably beveled for obvious reasons. I

Suitable means are provided whereby the gage arm can be bodilyadjustable toward and from the cutting tool, and also whereby said armcan be bodily adjustable transversely of the base, that is parallel withthe axis of rotation of thecuttingtool. To accomplish these results, Ishow the gage arm when in operative adjustment, fixedly secured andclamped by a headed bolt or screw 55, passing down through an enlargedbolt hole 56, in the left hand or secured end of the arm, and through ablock 57, and into a vertical screw threaded socket in the post 53. Theblock 57, is loosely interposed and clamped between the postand theunderside of the block and upper end of the post are formed with anintermeshing tongue and groove 58, arranged transversely with respect tothe length of the arm to permit bodily adjustment of the arm toward orfrom the axis of rotation of the cutting tool. when the clamping bolt55,. is loosened. During this adjustment the block 5?, slides on thepost and the arm moves with the block. The upper side of the block 57.,and the under. side of the secured end of the gage arm are formed withan interineshing tongue and groove 59, arranged longitudinally withrespect to the gage arm so that the gage arm-can be adjustedlongitudinally to more its tooth 5+, to the right or left, when thescrew 55. is loosened and the arm is moved tothe right or left'on theblock 51'.

The tongue and groove connections between the gage arm and block andbetween the'block and post rigidly hold and brace the gage arm in thedesired adjustment and against play or movement under the action of thehead.

When a key is to be duplicated, the feed carriage is moved to thestarting position, as shown in lfig. 1, properly clamped in the forwardholder with the handle of the key to the right of the holder and withthe shouldcr of the key engaging the right hand, flat, side face or freeend of the gage arm. The bl'ankto be cut is cm'respondingly arranged andclamped in the rear holder with the shoulder otithe' blank against theright hand. or fiat side of-the cutting tool. The nut 35, is then andgage arm,

" stroke of the feed carriage.

and the pattern key is fications, and

turnedup tight to operatively connect the arbor and the longitudinalfeed shaft, and the machine is thereupon ready for opera-' tion. Thearbor-is actuated by hand, or by power, to rotate the cutting tool inthe proper direction and the feed carriage is thereby automaticallypropelled on its feed stroke toward the right. i k

The feed carriage carries the head toward the rightand hence thekey andthe blank are moved lengthwise or longitudinally across the {rage andthe cutting took lhe freely movable head being constantly pressed towardthe cutting tool and the notch d edge of the key is thereby heldconstantly pressed againstthe beveled tooth of the while the edge of theblank is constantly held pressed against the cutting tool. Themoven'ient of the head toward and from the cutting; tool follows theirregu larities or notches in thetey edge and hence said notches areexactly duplicated in the edge of the blank by the cutting tool. Thebeveled tooth of the gage acts as a cam on tho notched edge of drawnlongitudinally, permits the head to move toward the cutter and pressesthe head away from the cutter, as will be readily understood by thoseskilled in the art. The arrangement is such that the blank edge will hecut to duplicate the key edge by a single operation of the feedcarriage. that is. a blank will be cut by. a continuous operation duringone feed The machine will duplicate keys having V-shaped notches as wellas keys having U-shaped notches, as will be readily understood. Whenthefeed stroke is completed, the clutch nut 35, is 105 loosened and thecarriage moved back to the starting point by hand. and the clamps areopened and the duplicated kevs removed.

it obvious that the sliding head can be constantly pressed to\\'ard.thecutting tool by a spring device instead of theweight mechanismhercinhefore described. For instance, a plate spring can he fixed on thebase with its free rcarwardly springing end bearing against the frontedge of flange L8, instead of the weighted lever see Fig.9, or a coiledspring mightho coupled to the rock shaft to hold the toe 17, against theflange 18. and pressing the head rearwardly, in-

stead of the weighted lever.

By employing the upper jaws of the holdcrs with arched or conrexed uppersurfaces. the heads of the (-lai'nping'screws will al- 'ays hear downcentrally thereon even though different keys or blanks yary in tl1iclness,an l hence the draft or stra'in will the key as-the same is acrosssaid tooth, and

always be centrally and longitudinally of the screws. I

It IS evident that various changes, moth: 'ariations mighthe resorted toin the forms, constructions and arrangements described, that featuresmight be omitted and structures added, without departing from the spiritand scope of my invention as defined bythe appended claims and-hence Ido not wish to limit myself to the exact disclosures hereof. v

Desiring to protect my invention in the broadest manner legallypossible, what I claimisz- 1'; A key duplicating machinecomprising arotary cutting tool and its arbor, a feed carriage having a path ofmovement parallel with said arbor, a freely slidable head 'carried bysaid carriage and movable to ward and from the cutting portion of'saidtool, means m'de endent of said carria e for constantly and yieldinglypressing said head toward said tool. a pattern holder carried by saidhead, a blank holder carried by said head" a fixed gage arranged tocooperate with the pattern in controlling the movement of said headtoward and from said tool, and

feed mechanism operatively connectingsaid arbor and said carriage.

A key duplicating machine comprising a rotary cutting tool. a feedcarriage movable on its feed stroke in a direction paral- 10! with theaxis of rotation of said tool.

means for simultaneously rotating said outting tool and actuating saidcarriage on'its feed stroke. a head carried by said carriage and movablethereon imlepcndeutly thereof toward and from said tool and providedwith means to hold a blank to bc-cut in a position parallel with thedirection of moveqnenl of said feed carriage and in position to beoperated on by said tool. and also provided' with means to hold apattern in a position parallel \vitlrsaid blank. and a gage 40 arm fixedwith respect to said carriage and head and having abeveled tooth inengagement with the edge of said pattern to be duplicated.

3. kev duplicating machine comprising a base provided with a head stock.an arbor mounted in said head stock and provided with actuating meansand also provided with a a rotary cutting tool. said arbor beingprovided with a pair of oppositely arranged con bearings andsaid'headstock being provided with opposite conical bearing surfaces receivingsaid cones. one of said cones being: adjustable on said arbor and beingaccessible at the exterior of said head stock. said arbor bcingiormedwith a worm between said cones, a feed carriage movable on said base,mechanism for actuating said carriage 'on its feed stroke. saidmechanism being opcrati'vely connected with said worm. said carriage-|)1'O\'l(l((l with means to hold a blank to be: cut in operativeposition with respect to said cutting tool. and controlling meansdetermining the position of the blank with respect to the/tool.

4. A key duplicating machine comprisingcwnncctions from said means, saidbase provided with a slide way parallel ,with said arbor, a feedcarriage confined to said slide way and slidable longitudinally thereof,feed mechanism operatively connecting said arbor and said carriage toactuate said carria e on its feed stroke by the rotation of sai arbor, ahead. carried by said carria e and provided with pattern and blank holters, said. head having a movement independently of said carriage andbeing constantly and'yieldingly pressed in one direction, and a gagecarried by the base and cooperatino' withthe pattern to fiontirol theindependent movement of the A key duplicating machine embodying a feedcarriage to carry the pattern and blank longitudinally during thecutting operation, a cutting tool, gearing connecting said tool and saidcarriage to' automatically actuatethe carriage on its feed strokes, andahead mounted on said carriage and prorid'ed with pattern and blankholders and having an independent movement to carry' the blank andpattern transversel during the cutting operation said head having meansconstantly and yieldingly pressing. the same toward operative position,sub'- stantially as described.

(3. A key duplicating machine comprising a base. an arbor provided withand driving a rotary cutting; tool and formed with a Worm, a feedcarriagea head carried by said carriage and movable thereon toward andfrom said tool and provided with pattern and blank holders." a gage tocoi'iperate with the pattern carried by said head to control themovement thereof toward said tool, and: aiaanged longitudinally of andsecured to said carriage for actuating the same on its feed stroke. arotaryieed shaft having a pinion meshing with said rack to drive thesame. a worm gear in mesh with and actu ated by aid worm, and. operativedriving worm gear to said shaft.

7. A key duplicating machine comprising a base. an arbor provided withand driving 'a rotary cutting'tool. a feed carriage can ried by saidhas? and provided with and carrymg a head having an independent movementtransversely of the direction of feed of said carriage, said headprovided with means for holding the pattern' and blank during, the.cutting operation, means for con trolling the independent movement ofthe head during the cutting operation according to the edge of thepattern to be duplicated. and actuating gearing from said arbor to saidiced cal-Piaget 8. A key duplicating machine comprising a base, an'arborprovided with and driving sponding end portions of the jaws, one of thejaws being rockable on said pin.

19'. A key' duplicating machine embodying a head provided with a patternholder and with aholder consisting of a pair of separate removable blocklike jaws, and a headed clamping bolt passing loosely andap'proximatelycentrallytherethrough and into said head to clamp the jaws together andthereto, each jaw at one-end of its inner face having a straight roundedrib extending thereacross and at the opposite end of its inner facehaving a flat surface, said jaws being separately reversible end forend.

20. In a key duplicating machine and the like, a'pattern holder andalcorresp'onding blank holder, said holders being similar andinterchangeable, and a head, said holderstogrip a pattern, and a gage tocoi'iperate with said pattern.

22. A key duplicating machine and the like, provided with a holdercomprising a jaw rockable on a transverse axis and having alongitudinally convcxed'outer surface,-

said .jaw' being reversible end. for end, and

holder operating means engaging said convexed surface of the aw andtorcmg the jaw to clamp the work. v i

23. A key duplicatingmachine and the like, provided with a holderconsisting of a pair of ja\vs'separatcly and independently reversibleend for end.'und holder operating means fora tuating the same. to gripan artic'le. between said jaws. each jaw provided at itsiopposite endswithdifi'rrentgri 'iping surfaces, substantially as described.

2-1. A keyduplicating michine and. the like, provided with a holderembodying a .rockable jaw. and a holder operatjngdevice foractuatmg saidjawto ,Q'I'IP the work.

the gripping face of said jaw formed with a transversely rounded key orblank centering ri'b arranged to enter the longitudinal side groovieof;a key or blank, substantially as described.

25. A key duplicating machine and the like, provided .with a holdercomprising .a rockable block-like jaw having a transverse bolt holeapproximately midwaybetween its ends.and .a clamping bolt extendingthrough said hole for actuating the jaw to clampv the l work, said' jawbeing reversible end for end on said bolt, said jaw having differentlyformed clamping facesjat its opposite end I portions. j i

26. A key duplicating machine and the like, embodying a head providedwith aholder consisting ot'a pair of separate re-' movable block-likejaws. and a clamping bolt passing loosely and approximately ceiitrallytherethrough and into'said head a; clamp the jaws together and to thehead, said jaws being separately reveisible around said bolt end-foreiid, substantially as described.

27. In a keyduplicating machine and the l ke, a head provided with aholder having' 'a lower clamping member and a rounded .fulcrum arrangedtransversely of one end portion thereof, an upper removable block-- likeclamping jawreversible'end for end and adapted to rock on said fulcrum,-and'oper ating means for said holder adapted to actuate said jaw toclamp the work against said I member, said jaw having transversegroovesat the undersides of its end portions to receive said fulcrum. i

28. In a key duplicating machine and the like, a head provided with aholder having iippe and lower clamping jaws. aclamping screw passingtransversely and removably through said jaws to operate the holder. saidjaws having grooves across their inner faces, and a removable fulcrumpin in said grooves and on which the upper jaw is rockable, said .pinhaving heads at the exteriors of said jaws to engage the edges thereofand center the jaws. I I

25). In a duplicating apparatus. in combination. a cutting tool. a headmovable freely toward and from said tool; means yield-ingly holding saidhead"towai 'd said tool, feeding mechanism whereby the tool and head arerelatively movable on the feed stroke transversely of said path ofmovement of the head toward and from the tool. a work holder mounted' onthe end ofthe head adjacent to'said tool. a pattern holder unodnted onthe head in front of and spaced from said work. holder and 'ren'iotefrom the tool, and a gage fixed with respect to said-head and itsholdersand extending over the head between said holders to (-0- operatewith the pattern carried by said I pattern holder in control]ingthemovement of the head toward and from the tool.

30. A key"duplicating machine compris i. mg a rotaryrutting tool. a.feed carr age .movable. on its feed stroke in -'a direction parallelwith the axis'of rotation of said tool. means for sinmltaneouslyrotating said cutting tool and actuating said carriage'onits feed strokewhereby tlmj-speed' of the ca l'l'lflfl on its feedsti'olre bears afixed relation to the speed of rotation of said tool,

said carriage provided with means to hold a blank to be cut in aposition parallel with the direction of movement of said feedcarriageand in position to be operated on by saidtool, and also providedwith'means to hold a pattern in a position parallel with said blank, anda gage fixed with respect to said carriage and head and having a beveledtooth in engagement with the edge of said pattern to be duplicated.

31-. A key duplicating machine, comprising a rotary cutting tool, a feedcarriage movable on its feed stroke in a direction parallel with theaxis of rotation of saidtool, means for simultaneously rotating paid 1;cutting tool and actuating said carriage on its feed stroke whereby thespeed of the carriage on its feed stroke bears a fixed relation to thespeed of rotation of said tool, said means embodying manually controlledmechanism whereby said carriage can be operatively disconnected forreturn by hand, said carriage provided with means to hold a blank to becut in a position parallel with the direction of movement of said feedcar- -riage and in position to be operated on by said tool, and alsoprovided with means to hold a pattern in a position parallel withv IEDWARl) HOERNEL. Witnesses C. S. BEEBE, C. M. SMITH.

